What are intervertebral discs composed of?

Intervertebral discs are specialized structures found between the vertebrae in the spine, and they serve an essential role in providing flexibility, absorbing shock, and maintaining spinal integrity. The correct answer highlights the unique composition of these discs: they consist of a tough outer layer called the annulus fibrosus and a gel-like inner core known as the nucleus pulposus.

The annulus fibrosus is made up of several concentric layers of fibrocartilage that provide stability and strength, allowing the disc to withstand various forces during movement and load-bearing activities. The nucleus pulposus, on the other hand, is rich in water and collagen fibers, giving it a unique ability to absorb shock and distribute pressure across the spine.

This structure is key to the disc's function as it allows for movement while also protecting the spinal cord and nerves that run through the vertebral foramen. Understanding this composition is crucial in fields such as anatomy, physiotherapy, and orthopedics, as it relates to common spinal issues like herniated discs or degenerative disc disease.