What comprises the outer layer of intervertebral discs?

The outer layer of intervertebral discs is made up of the annulus fibrosus. This structure consists of several layers of fibrocartilage that provide both strength and stability to the disc. The annulus fibrosus surrounds the central core, which is the nucleus pulposus, and its main function is to absorb and distribute forces that are applied to the spine, preventing herniation and maintaining the integrity of the intervertebral disc. Each layer of the annulus is oriented in alternating directions to enhance its tensile strength, which protects the inner materials from excessive stress and strain under compression. This unique structure is crucial for maintaining the overall health and function of the spine.