What condition is characterized by spinal cord compression leading to neurological deficits?

Myelopathy is a condition specifically defined by spinal cord compression that results in neurological deficits. This can manifest as weakness, sensory loss, gait disturbances, and reflex changes due to the alteration in the transmission of signals through the spinal cord. Such compression may arise from various causes, including a herniated disc, structural abnormalities, or degenerative changes in the spine.

Understanding myelopathy involves recognizing the role of the spinal cord as the central pathway for neural signals. When this pathway is disrupted due to compression, such as from a bulging disc or other spinal deformities, the accompanying symptoms can lead to significant functional impairment. Diagnosis often involves imaging studies that reveal the point of compression, and treatment may include physical therapy, medications, or surgical intervention to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

In contrast, while a herniated disc can cause myelopathy if it compresses the spinal cord, it does not automatically relate to spinal cord compression in every instance. Sciatica is characterized more by pain radiating along the sciatic nerve, typically due to nerve irritation rather than direct spinal cord involvement. Arthritis affects the joints and can lead to spinal issues, but is not an exclusive description of spinal cord compression or the resulting neurological deficits seen in myelopathy