What process involves the gradual breakdown of intervertebral discs?

The process that involves the gradual breakdown of intervertebral discs is known as disc degeneration. This condition occurs as a result of the natural aging process, as well as repeated stress on the discs over time. The intervertebral discs serve as shock absorbers between the vertebrae, and when they degenerate, they lose hydration and elasticity, leading to a decrease in disc height and integrity. This can result in reduced mobility and increased pain, sometimes contributing to herniation or other spinal issues.

In contrast, spinal fusion is a surgical procedure aimed at fixing spinal bones together to reduce pain and stabilize the spine, which does not relate to the breakdown process of discs. Facet joint hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of the small joints in the back that connect vertebrae and is often a result of increased stress and degeneration in adjacent structures, including the discs but is not the process of the disc breakdown itself. Neuropathy involves damage to the nervous system, which can cause pain or weakness, but is not directly related to the breakdown of intervertebral discs.